storage
70 articles on storage — what drives the cost, how it is priced, and where the savings actually are.
Image optimization: cutting storage and egress with smaller files
Images are often the largest bytes a site serves, so optimizing them, right-sizing dimensions, modern formats like WebP and AVIF, and compression, cuts egress and storage substantially. Here is where image optimization saves cloud cost.
Terraform state storage cost: cheap backend, watch the locking
Terraform remote state on S3, GCS, or Azure Blob costs almost nothing, tiny storage plus a few requests per run. The only real cost is state locking (a DynamoDB table on AWS) and, at scale, request volume. Here is the tiny model.
AWS i4i vs i3 cost: newer storage-optimized instances, better value
i4i storage-optimized instances offer faster NVMe local storage and better price-performance than the older i3 generation. For high-IOPS, low-latency local-disk workloads, the newer generation is usually the cost-effective choice. Here is the comparison.
Block storage cost compared: EBS vs Managed Disks vs Persistent Disk
AWS EBS, Azure Managed Disks, and GCP Persistent Disk price block storage similarly, by provisioned capacity and performance tier, with the fastest tiers charging for provisioned IOPS. This compares them and shows the shared optimization levers.
Compression to reduce cloud cost: fewer bytes, lower bills
Compression shrinks the bytes you store, transfer, and scan, and cloud bills those bytes. Compressing data can cut storage, egress, and query cost at once, for a little CPU. Here is where compression pays and where it does not.
Tiered storage strategy: matching data temperature to storage cost
Most data cools over time: hot when new, cold within weeks, rarely touched within months. A tiered storage strategy moves data through cheaper tiers as it ages, cutting storage cost without losing access. Here is how to design one.
Azure Data Lake Storage cost: blob tiers plus transaction charges
Data Lake Storage Gen2 prices like blob storage, hot, cool, cold, and archive tiers plus transaction and data-retrieval charges, with a hierarchical namespace. Matching tier to access frequency and minimizing transactions are the levers. Here is the model.
Object storage cost compared: S3 vs Cloud Storage vs Blob
S3, Google Cloud Storage, and Azure Blob price object storage similarly, tiered storage, request charges, and egress, but the details and egress rates differ. This compares the three and shows why egress, not storage, usually decides the bill.
AWS S3 Express One Zone cost: pay more to store, less per request
S3 Express One Zone charges far higher storage (around $0.16/GB-month) but much lower per-request costs than S3 Standard, in a single AZ for low latency. For request-heavy, latency-sensitive workloads it can be cheaper overall. Here is the math.
AWS EFS throughput modes: Bursting, Elastic, and Provisioned cost
EFS charges storage plus, depending on throughput mode, either nothing extra (Bursting), per throughput used (Elastic), or per provisioned throughput. Picking the wrong mode over-pays or throttles. Here is how the modes price and when to use each.
AWS Storage Gateway cost: you pay for the AWS storage it fronts
Storage Gateway charges for the AWS storage it writes to (S3, EBS snapshots, or virtual tapes), requests, and data transfer, plus a per-gateway fee on some types. The bulk of the bill is the backing storage. Here is the model.
Azure managed disks cost: tier, size, and the performance you provision
Managed disks bill by type and provisioned size (Premium SSD, Standard SSD, Standard HDD, Ultra), so you pay for capacity whether or not you use it. Ultra and Premium v2 add provisioned IOPS and throughput. Here is how to pick the right tier.
AWS EBS snapshot cost: incremental storage and the archive tier
EBS snapshots bill about $0.05 per GB-month for changed blocks (they are incremental), or about $0.0125 in the Archive tier for rarely-restored snapshots. Snapshot sprawl from unmanaged schedules is the usual culprit. Here is how to control it.
AWS S3 Intelligent-Tiering cost: automatic tiers, one small fee
Intelligent-Tiering moves objects between access tiers automatically based on usage, with no retrieval fees, for a small monitoring charge per object. It is ideal for unpredictable access patterns. Here is when it saves money and when it does not.
Amazon FSx cost comparison: Lustre vs Windows vs ONTAP vs OpenZFS
FSx has four file system types, each billing storage plus throughput. Here's what Lustre, Windows File Server, NetApp ONTAP, and OpenZFS cost, which to use, and how to avoid over-provisioning throughput.
EFS vs EBS vs S3 cost: pick by access pattern, not the per-GB rate
S3 (~$0.023/GB) is cheapest, EBS (~$0.08) middle, EFS (~$0.30) priciest, but they're not interchangeable. Here's how to match the service to the access pattern and avoid paying 13x by using EFS where S3 would do.
GCP Cloud Storage classes cost: Standard vs Nearline vs Coldline vs Archive
GCS classes trade storage price for access price, with minimum durations of 30/90/365 days. Here's the full breakdown and how to match the class to access frequency with lifecycle rules.
AWS Backup cost explained: retention is the whole bill
AWS Backup bills mostly for backup storage (GB-month) plus restore and cross-region copy. The bill grows from retention creep. Here's how the meters work and how to keep backups from piling up forever.
GCP persistent disk types cost: pd-standard vs balanced vs ssd
Persistent disks bill per provisioned GB-month by type: pd-standard ~$0.04, pd-balanced ~$0.10, pd-ssd ~$0.17. Here's which to use, why you pay for provisioned size, and how to stop over-paying for SSD.
Azure storage account tiers cost: Hot vs Cool vs Cold vs Archive
Azure Blob tiers trade storage price for access price, and each cold tier adds a retention penalty. Here's the full picture, storage rates, access costs, minimum retention, and redundancy, and how to pick the right tier.
EBS gp3 vs io2: when each makes sense
For 95% of production workloads, gp3 is the right choice (cheaper, performant enough). Use io2 only for over 16K IOPS sustained, 99.999% durability, or Multi-Attach. Here's the pricing math and the migration playbook.
S3 storage class comparison: when each tier wins
Six S3 storage classes spanning 99x in per-GB price. Here's when Standard, Intelligent-Tiering, Standard-IA, One Zone-IA, Glacier Instant Retrieval, Glacier Flexible Retrieval, and Deep Archive each make sense, with lifecycle policy patterns.